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Examination procedures · comparison · PRV-20

Ombudsperson, student union or lawyer: who can help?

In brief: Choose support by the task. A student union or student advice service often explains institutional routes and support options. An ombudsperson offers confidential guidance on research integrity and conflict resolution within a defined mandate. The examinations office or panel provides official procedural information. Individual legal advice and representation belong to an appropriately qualified lawyer. Check jurisdiction, confidentiality, conflicts, cost and any live deadline before making contact.

Responsibility matrix with escalation boundariesReviewed 11 September 2026

Define the support task before choosing a person

“I need help” may mean orientation, access to records, disciplinary source review, conflict mediation, deadline clarification, legal assessment or representation. Write the task in one sentence. Add the procedural stage, document received, known deadline and the result you want from the consultation. That description makes routing far more reliable.

One office may touch several tasks without having authority over all of them. A student union may know practical routes but is not the examinations office. An ombudsperson may address integrity and conflict without replacing a formal appeal route. A lawyer assessing procedure does not automatically determine whether a scholarly citation is adequate.

Authority asset: responsibility matrix with escalation boundaries

Initial routing by function and mandate
RouteTypical contributionMaterial boundaryCheck first
Student union/advicePeer experience, signposting, support optionsNo binding procedural decisionConfidentiality and expertise
OmbudspersonConfidential research-integrity guidanceMandate and jurisdiction are limitedRole, process and conflicts
Examinations office/panelOfficial route, filing information and decisionNot your independent adviserWritten channel and case ID
SupervisorDisciplinary context and direct observationsPossible assessment role or conflictWhat may properly be shared
Wellbeing serviceDistress, stability and ability to workNo disciplinary or legal decisionUrgent routes and privacy
LawyerIndividual legal analysis, strategy and representationRetainer, specialism and costQualification, conflict and fees

Use an ombuds route for integrity questions within its mandate

An ombudsperson may be appropriate for research-practice standards, authorship, data, supervision conflicts or handling a suspected integrity breach. Read the official page to establish who it serves, whether contact is confidential and whether it mediates, advises or must pass certain information to an investigative body.

Present verified facts separately from suspicion and ask first about jurisdiction and limits of confidentiality. Do not send the whole case file automatically. An institutional ombudsperson may be unsuitable because of affiliation, procedural role or conflict; an external service may offer orientation where its remit covers the matter.

Ombuds contact does not guarantee an outcome or automatically stop a formal deadline. Record whom you contacted, when and for which question. Preserve advice in its actual wording rather than presenting it as a decision by the assessment body.

Distinguish peer support, administration and disciplinary context

Student representatives can explain available offices, common meeting formats and support arrangements. Ask about the adviser’s role and experience. Initially share only what is needed for signposting. An informal view is not an official ruling.

The examinations office or competent panel is often the right destination for format, filing, case identifiers and official procedural questions. That office also administers or decides the procedure and is not necessarily independent advice for you. Ask narrow factual questions and retain the replies. A supervisor can supply disciplinary context but may participate in assessment.

When distress is severe, a wellbeing or medical service has a different function: immediate safety, stabilisation and healthcare. It does not replace procedural clarification. In an acute crisis, use the locally designated urgent service before trying to complete the academic argument.

General information is insufficient when legal consequences, formal remedies, disputed delivery, access, hearing rights or representation need individual assessment. Look for a suitably qualified lawyer with relevant administrative or higher-education experience. Before engagement, ask about conflicts, fees, documents required and the scope of work.

An initial message should avoid unnecessary personal data or confidential research. Supply the institution and involved parties in the form needed for a conflict check. Then transfer the original notice, delivery evidence and concise chronology through an agreed secure route. Keep originals unchanged and place annotations on copies.

Without a lawyer, do not treat a general webpage as a substitute for legal assessment. This page makes no recommendation on an individual case. The neutral deadline calendar merely organises actual instructions and unresolved questions for whichever adviser is chosen.

Prepare every contact with a compact case sheet

  • One sentence stating the precise support question.
  • Procedural stage and responsible institution.
  • Exact wording of the current notice.
  • Recorded deadline with source, not a generic assumption.
  • Short chronology of verified events.
  • List of available and missing documents.
  • Warning about confidential or personal material.
  • Requested function: orientation, clarification, mediation or representation.

Maintain a contact log and label what was informal, confidential, official or legally assessed. This prevents one role’s comment from being attributed to another. The examination procedures hub gathers other worksheets. The guide to preparing for a hearing structures the facts. The one foundation connection is academic writing and evidence.

Official foundations

  1. German Ombudsman for Research Integrity – independent nationwide confidential advice and mediation within its mandate.
  2. German Research Foundation: Guidelines for Safeguarding Good Research Practice – ombuds systems and fair procedures.
  3. German Federal Bar: lawyer search and consumer information – official route for locating qualified legal advice in Germany.

Sources reviewed 4 September 2026. Confirm each service’s current remit before contact.